51 «Gunmen shoot Myanmar priest while he celebrates Mass», UCA News , 12 de abril de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.ucanews.com/news/gunmen- shoot-myanmar-priest-while-he-celebrates-mass/104766 [Consulta: 15/04/24] . 52 Depto. de Estado de Estados Unidos. Oficina de Libertad Religiosa Internacional, «China», 2022 International Religious Freedom Report. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/ china/ [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 53 Pew Research Center, «Chinese Communist Party promotes atheism, but many members still partake in religious customs», 5 de septiembre de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/05/ chinese-communist-party-promotes-atheism-but-many-members-still-par- take-in-religious-customs [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 54 Ibid. ; ACN, «China», Informe de Libertad Religiosa en el Mundo de 2023 . [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://acninternational.org/religiousfreedomreport/reports/ country/2023/china [Consulta: 28/06/24] . 55 «China», 2022 International Religious Freedom Report, op. cit. 56 Gao Feng, «China steps up political control over religious venues, sermons and ac- tivities», Radio Free Asia , 3 de agosto de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https:// www.rfa.org/english/news/china/religion-controls-08032023122520.html [Con- sulta: 28/05/24] . 57 «Bishop Shao of Wenzhou arrested again», Asia News , 3 de enero de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Bishop-Shao-of-Wen- zhou-arrested-again-59866.html; «Chinese Christian jailed for distributing Bibles “illegally”», UCA News , 29 de abril de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https:// www.ucanews.com/news/chinese-christian-jailed-for-distributing-bibles-illegal- ly/104939 [Consulta de ambos enlaces: 28/05/24] . 58 Helier Cheung, Roland Hughes, «Why are there protests in Hong Kong? All the con- text you need», BBC News , 21 de mayo de 2020. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https:// www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-48607723. [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 59 James Pomfret et al. , «New Hong Kong security law comes into force amid fears for freedoms», Reuters , 23 de marzo de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www. reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/new-hong-kong-national-security-law-comes-in- to-force-amid-international-2024-03-22; «Sacrament of Confession under threat in Hong Kong from Chinese security law», The Catholic Herald , 13 de marzo de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://catholicherald.co.uk/sacrament-of-confession- under-threat-in-hong-kong-due-to-new-chinese-security-law [Consulta de ambos enlaces: 28/05/24]. 60 «China», 2023 Report on International Religious Freedom. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-free- dom/china/ [Consulta: 01/07/24] . 61 «Bishop Shao of Wenzhou arrested again», op. cit. 62 «Sacrament of Confession under threat in Hong Kong from Chinese security law», op. cit. ; Freedom House, «Sixteen international experts express “profound and grave concerns” about looming threat to religious freedom and Sacrament of Penance in Hong Kong», 13 de marzo de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://freedomhouse.org/article/sixteen-international-experts-express-pro- found-and-grave-concerns-about-looming-threat [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 63 Chan Ho-him, William Langley, «Catholic Church reassures Hong Kong flock over secrecy of confession despite security law», Financial Times , 15 de marzo de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.ft.com/content/51dd903d-eac0-41c2- a07b-f97d86e692df [Consulta: 03/07/24] . 64 «New Hong Kong security law comes into force amid fears for freedoms», op. cit. 65 «The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong has the following response to the recent social concern over Confession (Sacrament of Reconciliation)», Sunday Examiner , 15 de marzo de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.exam- iner.org.hk/2024/03/15/the-catholic-diocese-of-hong-kong-has-the-following-re- sponse-to-the-recent-social-concern-over-confession-sacrament-of-reconcilia- tion/news/hongkong [Consulta: 01/07/2024] . 66 «Chinese Christian jailed for distributing Bibles “illegally”», UCA News , 29 de abril de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.ucanews.com/news/chi- nese-christian-jailed-for-distributing-bibles-illegally/104939 [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 67 USCIRF, «Country Update: Egypt», de mayo de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https:// www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2023-08/2023%20Egypt%20Country%20 Update.pdf [Consulta: 29/04/24]. 68 ACN (UK). John Pontifex, John Newton y Fionn Shiner, Hear Her Cries: The kidnap- ping, forced conversion and sexual victimisation of Christian women and girls (Lon- dres 2021), pp. 12 ss. 69 Global Christian Relief. Tim Dustin «Persecuted Christian in Egypt kidnapped», 18 de mayo de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://globalchristianrelief.org/ christian-persecution/stories/persecuted-christian-in-egypt-kidnapped/ [Consul- ta: 17/07/24] . 70 Rimon Rawy, «Minya Khayari village Copts attacked on suspicion of building church», Watani , 7 de septiembre de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https:// en.wataninet.com/coptic-assairs-coptic-assairs/sectarian/minya-khayari-village- copts-attacked-on-suspicion-of-building-church/42392/ [Consulta: 26/04/24] . 71 Global Christian Relief. Girgis, Tim Dustin, «Persecuted Christian from Egypt kid- napped», 15 de diciembre de 2022. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://globalchris- tianrelief.org/christian-persecution/stories/persecuted-christian-from-egypt-kid- napped/ [Consulta: 12/03/24]. 72 Nabila El-Gaafary, «Muslim extremists reportedly burn down Christian homes in southern Egypt», The New Arab , 27 de abril de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.newarab.com/news/extremists-set-fire-christian-homes-southern- egypt [Consulta: 30/04/24] ; Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW), «Extremists attack Church construction site in Upper Egypt», 30 de abril de 2024. 73 ACN, «Eritrea», Informe de Libertad Religiosa en el Mundo de 2023, op. cit. 74 Ibid. 75 USCIRF, «Eritrea», 2024 Annual Report, op. cit.
76 ACN, «Eritrea», Informe de Libertad Religiosa en el Mundo de 2023, op. cit . 77 Fredrick Nzwili, «Eritrean government rounds up teens from church service», Crux , 8 de septiembre de 2022. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://cruxnow.com/ church-in-africa/2022/09/eritrean-government-rounds-up-teens-from-church- service [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 78 USCIRF, «Eritrea», 2024 Annual Report, op. cit. ; ACN, «Eritrea», Informe de Libertad Religiosa en el Mundo de 2023, op. cit. 79 Human Rights Watch, «Eritrea», World Report 2024 , 11 de enero de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/er- itrea [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 80 Release International, «Eritrea 200+ arrested, including children», 3 de julio de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://releaseinternational.org/eritrea-200-ar- rested-including-children [Consulta: 08/07/24] . 81 Human Rights Watch, «Eritrea: Events of 2023», World Report 2024. [En línea]. Re- cuperado de: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/eritrea [Consulta: 30/08/24] . 82 Ibid . 83 Release International, «Eritrea 200+ arrested», op. cit . 84 USCIRF, «Eritrea», 2024 Annual Report, op. cit .; Release International, «Eritrea ar- rests 103 Christians», 24 de abril de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://relea- seinternational.org/eritrea-arrests-103-christians [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 85 USCIRF, «Eritrea», 2023 Annual Report, op. cit . 86 Depto. de Estado de Estados Unidos, «Eritrea», 2022 Report on Internation- al Religious Freedom. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.state.gov/re- ports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/eritrea [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 87 Ibid. ; «Eritrean Authorities Seize Control of Catholic-Owned School, Set to Take Over Another», ACI Africa , 28 de agosto de 2022. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https:// www.aciafrica.org/news/6556/eritrean-authorities-seize-control-of-catholic- owned-school-set-to-take-over-another [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 88 «Eritrean government rounds up teens from church service», op. cit. 89 «More Christians arrested in Eritrea», Christian Today , 31 de enero de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.christiantoday.com/article/more.christians. arrested.in.eritrea/139774.htm; Human Rights Watch, «Eritrea», World Report 2024, op. cit. 90 Release International, «Eritrea – More arrests, some Christians freed», 22 de marzo de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://releaseinternational.org/eritrea-more- arrests-some-christians-freed [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 91 «Eritrea arrests 103 Christians», op. cit. 92 Open Doors, «At least 30 Christians arrested in Eritrea as police raid baby’s first birthday party», 25 de enero de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https:// www.opendoorsuk.org/news/latest-news/eritrea-arrests-christians [Consulta: 28/05/24] . 93 Shireen Bhatia, «UCF reports massive surge in violence against Christians in India», Christian Today , 15 de enero de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.chris- tiantoday.co.in/news/ucf-reports-massive-surge-in-violence-against-christians- in-india.html [Consulta: 26/06/24] . 94 Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP), «United Christian Forum: Average two Christians attacked in India every day», 15 de diciembre de 2023. [En línea]. Re- cuperado de: https://cjp.org.in/united-christian-forum-average-two-christians-at- tacked-in-india-every-day/ [Consulta: 21/03/24]. 95 United Christian Forum, «Sharp Increase in Violence Against Christians in 2024», 21 de marzo de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://acn-canada.org/wp-content/ uploads/2024/03/Sharp-increase-in-violence-against-Christians-in-2024-1.pdf [Consulta: 26/06/24] . 96 Luke Coppen «Indian bishop denied bail in alleged conversion case», The Pillar , 6 de junio de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/ indian-bishop-denied-bail-in-alleged [Consulta: 21/03/24] . 97 USCRIF, 2024 Annual Report , p. 50. 98 A pesar de la resistencia inicial a admitir la idea de una dimensión religiosa, esta fue aceptándose poco a poco. David Cameron declaró ante la Cámara de los Lores el 16 de abril: «Es correcto decir que no debemos restar importancia a los aspec- tos religiosos de algunos de los enfrentamientos. Sí, a veces es comunal, tribal o étnico, pero en muchos casos hay un claro componente religioso... Hay una clara dimensión religiosa». Cf. «“There is a clear religious part” to strife in Manipur: UK ex-PM Davis Cameron», Times of India , 18 de abril de 2024. [En línea]. Recupera- do de: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/109382337.cms?utm_ source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst [Consulta: 22/04/24] . 99 Makepeace Sitlhou, Greeshma Kuthar, «Meitei Christians in India’s Manipur Face Broad Attacks», New Lines , 27 de diciembre de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/meitei-christians-in-indias-manipur-face- broad-attacks/ [Consulta: 24/05/2024] . 100 «Hindu nationalists go after another Christian orphanage in Madhya Pradesh», An- glican Ink , 25 de septiembre de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://anglican. ink/2023/09/25/hindu-nationalists-go-after-another-christian-orphanage-in-mad- hya-pradesh/ [Consulta: 21/03/24] . 101 «India: Christian families being denied right to bury their dead», Christian Post , 27 de noviembre de 2023. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.christianpost.com/ news/india-christian-families-being-denied-right-to-bury-their-dead.html [Con- sulta: 21/03/24] . 102 «Telangana: Mob chanting Jai Shri Ram attacks Dalit Christian church, several injured», The News Minute , 15 de febrero de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/telangana-mob-chanting-jai-shri- ram-attacks-dalit-christian-church-several-injured [Consulta: 21/03/24] . 103 «Relatives Kill Christian Woman with Axe Blows, Stones in India», Morning Star News , 4 de julio de 2024. [En línea]. Recuperado de: https://morningstarnews.org/2024/07/
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